4.008     BAI c1850 PLA     BHM 1322 B19

Bailiff Bridge mill and water-supply

Material: cartridge paper

Scale: unk    Size: 70 * 34 cm   Condition: good

Local history is so much easier to study if you are equipped with local knowledge. Unfortunately, even close to Bradford, there are communities which I scarcely know at all, and Bailiff Bridge is one. Its name presumably partially derives from the bridges built over the Wyke Beck at this point. It was notable, over many years, for the presence of Firth’s Carpet Mill but a lovely map from the Local Studies Library’s reserve collection, which has already been used as a ‘map of the week’, long pre-dates this period.

The first problem is how to orientate the map. North is not at the top and the Wyke Beck drawn here in reality runs approximately north-west, not due west as the map appears to suggest. If you rotate the map 45° clockwise the Wyke Beck is in the correct position and now at the bottom right of the map there is a prominent V made by the turnpike road to Huddersfield and what is now Wakefield Road. The only problem is that this manoeuvre displaces the road from Bradford and Wyke (Wike) which is already in approximately in the correct position.

The presence of the ‘new turnpike road to Huddersfield’ is helpful for dating purposes. The Halifax, Bradford, Leeds turnpike was being planned and constructed in the mid-1820s. Clearly this, and the section to Huddersfield, was completed by the time the map was surveyed, which probably dates it to the 1830s at the earliest. We can reasonably assume that the collection of stables and farm buildings in the centre of the map preceded the roads since they are not on the same alignment. There is a public house mapped, although not named. I made some progress with its name after computer searching nineteenth century newspapers, an electronic resource that Bradford Local Studies Library provides. The Leeds Mercury reported that on various occasions in the period 1813-16 those executing the Wyke Enclosure Act met at the house of James Pollard, The Bailiff Bridge Inn, in the township of Wyke. Five years later similar reports of property sales in the area indicate that they took place at the ‘Punch Bowl Inn’. I assume that these two places are the same. At any event the Punch Bowl Inn must be a correct name because it features at the right location in the first Ordnance Survey map of the area, surveyed in the late 1840s.

I assume that the reservoir mentioned here is the mill dam (or pond on the OS map) which must have served to ensure continuity of supply to the mill itself, which is clearly marked as you can see. Clearly this is a water powered corn mill, and an on-line resource (Malcolm Bull’s Calderdale Companion) states that one Jonas Wright was a corn dealer here in 1822 and further reports that the mill was owned by the notable Richardson family of Bierley Hall, Bradford. Our map shows the leat, tail race or goit, called here ‘tail goight’, returning water to the beck. The second detail from the map shows another goit, the head race, conveying water to the mill dam. Among other features of this delightful map are an overflow from the mill dam to the watercourse, an ancient fence, and an area of disputed land. The word ‘clough’ is a local name for a wooded valley or ravine and a small feature of this type appears to be mapped here. Adjacent to the mill is a kiln. What is this: a brick kiln, a pottery kiln, a lime kiln, or a malting kiln? A malting kiln, drying germinated barley into malt, seems most probable. There would be a ready use for this commodity if the pub did its own brewing.

Again the Leeds Mercury is helpful. In 1832 there is an advertisement concerning ‘Bailiff Bridge near Brighouse’ where at the Punch Bowl Inn there was a sale of land by auction. Lot 2 consisted of a dye-house, bleaching works, and a close of land. There is a comment to the effect that ‘this lot may be turned into a malt kiln and brewery’: perhaps it was. Incidentally at this early date bleaching involved spreading damp cloths outside to be exposed to the sun. ‘Bleach fields’ were locations for this activity. By the time of the first OS map our corn mill seems to have endured while Holme Mill (woollen) and Bailiff Bridge Mill (woollen and cotton) have been newly constructed.

There are a few other events in the history of Bailiff Bridge that I must record. In 1839 there was a steeplechase held there. Four horses competed over a 3¼ mile course, and 14 subscribers invested 5 guineas in the event. Mr E. Dyson’s ‘Sir Mark’ won. Mr Wheatley a veterinary surgeon, presumably overcome by the excitement of the event, mislaid a brown bull and a terrier dog called Crab. He advertised for their safe return in the Leeds Mercury, and I do hope he got them back. Finally in ‘the year of revolution’, 1848, the Bradford Observer reported that HW Ripley had erected a school-room in Bailiff Bridge. Sir Henry Ripley (1813-82), as he became, was the principle partner in the Bowling Dyeworks and was eventually a very wealthy man. Some years after the gift of the school he constructed the workers’ village of Ripleyville, which has a good claim to have beeen Bradford’s own Saltaire. When the school was opened the Rev. J Glyde addressed a celebratory meeting on the subject of education. Jonathan Glyde was the minister of Horton Lane Chapel with an enviable record of concern for aiding society’s disadvantaged. The school was just erected in time to feature on the first OS map and must have been roughly where the upper hatched block is on the road to Wyke. If any reader knows this area well I should very much welcome further information.